You can generate power on an e-bike through two main sensor systems: cadence and torque sensors. Both are effective, but their suitability for you and how you ride, or how you intend to use your bike, differ. Whether you’re a seasoned pro or a complete cycling beginner, both types will get you from A to B. However, it’s essential to understand which sensor system is the best for you, so you get the most out of your bike.
Understanding Cadence and Torque Sensors
Knowing the difference between cadence and torque sensors on your bike can help guide your choice, which will significantly affect the feel and consistency of your pedaling.
Firstly, a cadence sensor can detect whether or not your pedals are turning. It will send a signal to the bike's motor to provide power based on the level of assistance you need. It’s straightforward and hassle-free, as pedaling triggers motor engagement.
Typically, a cadence sensor operates by utilizing a magnetic disc on the crank arm, which contains magnets. As the magnets pass, the motor is activated. No matter how hard you’re pushing the pedals, the motor will give a consistent level of powered assistance.
This is where the cadence and torque sensors differ. While a cadence sensor doesn’t account for how hard you’re pushing the pedals, a torque sensor measures this effort and provides motor support dependent on how hard you’re pushing.
For example, if you pedal lightly, you’ll only get a light amount of assistance from the motor. However, if you pedal hard, you’ll get greater powered assistance from the motor. Unlike the cadence sensor, this can create a more natural feel when riding the bike.
Similarly, torque sensors work by using magnets in the strain gauges in the bottom bracket or crank arm. These sensors measure the force applied to the pedals and send continuous data to the motor, which instantly adjusts the level of assistance.
Torque Sensors: Natural Feel, Efficient Power, and Ultra-Responsive Control
Torque sensors can be great for those who want a natural riding experience, as they provide the rider with a more authentic feel. This is because the rider needs to put in effort to get the electrical assistance. At first, it may feel strange to shift down gears when you come to a stop, as the aid will be much lighter.
When it comes to efficiency, generally, torque bikes are highly battery power-efficient, as the assistance provided is only the assistance needed. As a result, riders can have better control over the acceleration and speed. This ultra-responsive control can make navigation easier across a range of terrains. If you need to make a sudden start or stop, the torque assistance will feel more natural and less jerky because the electric motor adjusts instantly to your pedaling, giving smooth, natural power.
Cadence Sensors: Consistent Power and Accessible Performance
Cadence sensors may not replicate the same natural feel as torque sensors, but they offer their own advantages. That being said, it’s essential to understand how to utilize the bike effectively to maximize consistent power. If your bike has a chain and a derailleur, when you come to a stop, try to shift down to an easier gear. If your bike is internally geared, then you should be able to do this before stopping.
It’s in the lighter gear that you can take advantage of the consistent power by spinning your wheels to get moving. As soon as you start pedaling, you have the assistance you need, which makes bikes with cadence sensors accessible as beginner e-bikes. Then, the consistent power delivery ensures a predictable riding experience, keeping you steady and in control.
Hybrid and Switchable Systems for Versatile Training
Torque and cadence sensors both have their advantages, depending on which one is better suited to your training goals. Most hybrid bikes feature a combination of power-assist and non-power-assist modes, allowing you to experience the natural feel of cycling and build up your aerobic fitness, while also benefiting from sensors that provide an extra boost when needed.
With both natural and powered riding feel, hybrid bikes are more versatile, allowing you to switch between modes depending on your environment or needs for the day. The powerful motor can also provide a smooth commute if you’re using your hybrid for the everyday trip to work. Yet, with its hybrid nature, you can also take advantage of its off-road capabilities.
Practical Training Tips to Maximize Efficiency
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Ensuring that your pedaling technique is decent is a good place to start when it comes to improving efficiency. For example, pedaling through the motion rather than simply pushing down can enhance the power transfer, which you can practice through single-leg drills.
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Likewise, it’s essential to have a good cadence to increase efficiency. For example, pedaling a little faster with less resistance will prevent your legs from getting too stressed. You can practice your cadence on a smart bike, but be aware of the erg mode death spiral.
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Practicing drills and resistance training on a smart bike is one of the many reasons to choose a smart bike over a basic exercise bike; it provides more options to work with, along with accurate readings of your progress.
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You can also increase efficiency with a well-designed training regimen that incorporates interval training. This could include HIIT workouts that you can perform on your exercise bike, or even help build stronger aerobic fitness. This is more about endurance, not quick bursts of power, so longer rides at low to medium intensity to begin with will help you achieve your 150 minutes of exercise a week and improve your general fitness level.
Depending on your experience level, your training plan will need to be different. Likewise, depending on your goals, the training plan will differ from person to person. However, regardless of your training plan, proper nutrition is still important. For it to be effective, you need to have a nutrition plan that suits your goals.
How to Choose the Right Sensor System for Your Riding Style
Cadence sensor and torque sensor systems are both excellent options, but which one is best suited for you personally? Cadence sensor systems are typically best suited for those seeking low-effort assistance and ease of use. Often, these people are cycling as part of a commute or casually, rather than professionally.
However, torque sensor systems are better suited for those who want to experience a more natural feel to their ride immediately. Often, torque sensor systems are better suited for riders who prioritize performance, especially those looking to tackle varied terrain.
Frequently Asked Questions
Which Is Better, Cadence or Torque Sensors?
The better option between a cadence sensor and a torque sensor depends on what you'd like to use your bike for. If you’re a more serious cyclist looking to increase performance across various terrains, the torque system would be better. Whereas for commuters, the cadence sensor is a great option.
Is It Better to Have a High or Low Cadence?
No number is the perfect number when it comes to cadence, and again, your cadence number will depend on why you’re cycling. For example, if you are taking a leisurely cycle to work, your cadence will be lower than that of a professional athlete, so it really depends on your goals.
Is 50 Nm Torque Enough for an E-Bike?
If you’re looking to commute and ride your e-bike in a more leisurely fashion, then 50 Nm (Newton-meters) torque is suitable for this. However, with 50 Nm torque, you might struggle with steep inclines and off-road terrain. If the latter is more what you want, then you need a higher torque.
Elevate Your Training With Smarter Power Control
Ultimately, both torque and cadence sensor systems will get you to where you need to go. However, it's essential to know the differences so you can get the most out of your cycling. And what better way to get the most out of your bike than by using a smart bike to track your progress and offer you top-quality ways to train? For those looking to enhance their cycling and athletic performance, consider checking out Speediance's VeloNix bike, which uses both torque and cadence sensors, and get training today.
